National Rural Health Program – 2005:

National Rural Health Scheme – 2005:

• The project was started to meet the health needs of people in the village who do not get enough government benefits.
• It started by highlighting 18 states with the weakest health index in the country.
• It ensured drinking water, sanitation, education, nutrition and gender balance.

Objectives:

• Setting IMR = 30 / 1000
• Bringing MMR = 100 / 100000
• Reducing the number of deaths due to malaria and dengue
• Eradication of filariasis by 2015
• Recovery of tuberculosis patients increased to 85 mo
• To provide uniform medical quality in all community health centres
• Making medical facilities available to all people through Panchayats
• A new concept has been introduced in the scheme.
• According to this the mission of Aksha is to disseminate information about health (m) preventive drugs to women in rural areas.
• Expenditure on health was urged to be 2-3% of GDP

Project Successes:

• Eradication of Polio
• Vaccination against Japanese N. cephalitis was administered to 9 million children.
• Eradication of transmitted tetanus in children
• 2 million deliveries took place in primary health centers or (a) hospitals.
• Health programs were initiated in schools through 1 million ‘Village Health and Hygiene Committees’.

Activities undertaken under the scheme:

• Accredited Community Health Activists (Aksha)
• Roji Kalyan Samiti
• Grants to Sub-centres
• Janani Suraksha Yojana
• National Mobile Medical Centers
• National Emergency Ambulance Service
• Janani Sisu Suraksha Kariyagiram
• Rakshtriya Balsvastaya Kariyagiram
• Maternal and Child Health Division
• Provision of national iron tablets

National Urban Sanitation Plan – 2012:

In the 2012 Cabinet meeting, it was decided to continue the National Rural Health Scheme and to start sub-schemes and these schemes will continue till March 2017.

Claims under the Scheme:

• Setting up of one urban primary health center for every 5000 to 60000 population areas.
• Setting up of one City Community Health Centers in metropolitan areas where there are 5 to 6 City Primary Health Centers
• Setting up Nursing Service Centers in areas with population of 10000
• Establishment of an approved Community Health Officer in areas with 200 to 500 households
• The scheme focuses more on primary health care of the urban poor.
• It will be started in 779 towns and cities with more than 50000 inhabitants and will reach 7 crore 75 lakh people.

Expected results of the project:

• Reduction in infant mortality
• Reduction in maternal mortality rate
• Making obstetrics accessible to all

Main features:

• City plans will be implemented through requirements survey.
• City local bodies will contribute across the board
• Innovative public primary health care will be made available at the doorsteps of the target population.
• Activities initiated in the National Rural Health Programme. Governance systems and institutionalized processes will all strengthen the National Urban Plan.

Purity India:

Swachh Bharat:

• Biggest cleanliness drive started in India
• The scheme was launched on October 2, 2014.
• The Prime Minister asked every citizen of the country to devote 100 hours a year, i.e. 2 hours a week, to spread cleanliness. Rs. 12,000 – Incentive
• The campaign aims to achieve the goal of a clean India by October 2, 2019, the 150th birth anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi.
• More than 3 crore toilets constructed.
• Areas with environmental sanitation increased from 42% to 60%.

Clean Rural India:

• Indoor toilets have been constructed in more than 3.6 crore houses since the inception of this movement.
• In 3 states the practice of taking morning loans in public places has been declared completely abolished.
• Incentive for private toilets increased to Rs 12,000.
• Between October 2, 2014 and October 2015, 80 lakh toilets have been constructed instead of the expected 60 lakh individual toilets.
• It is an achievement of 117% of the planned target.
• 100 High Purity Places are historically (m)culturally important places to be highly purified with world standards.
• It is planned to completely abolish the habit of people living in the villages on the banks of the Ganga to spend morning loans in public places.

Clean Urban India:

• 31 lakh toilets have been constructed within private households.
• 25 lakh toilets have been constructed for public use.
• 39,995 urban wards are functioning with 100% door-to-door solid waste collection.
• Compost production from this waste has increased to several tons.
• 614 cities have been declared free from the practice of morning borrowing in public places.
• All cities in the states of Andhra Pradesh and Gujarat are exempt from this practice.

Clean educational institution:

11.21 lakh government schools across the country and 13.77 crore boys and girls now have access to toilets.

Clean India Movement – Finance (Rs. 365 Crores):

• Rs 365 crore has been spent to renovate toilets in schools, non-functioning toilets.
• Contribution is made to the scheme through additional tax for Clean India.

Rural drinking water facility

• Increase from 73.66% to 77.01% of households with complete drinking water facility as on February 2017.
• 55% of the rural population is provided with piped drinking water facility.
• A target has been set to provide clean drinking water to 28,000 households affected by arsenic fluoride by 2020.

Ganga Devotees Program:

A grand Ganga Rejuvenation project was launched to clean the Ganges.

Green India:

• All environmental clearances. Online arrangement.
• National Air Quality Index was launched in 2015.
• Ujala Scheme – Providing LED lights at low cost to all
• The project reduces carbon dioxide emissions.

Causes of unsanitary situation in India:

• Injustice
• Rural Sanitation
• Urban apathy
• The mood of the people
• Ordinance on environmental impact
• Water scarcity
• Political situation

A method of human disposal of human waste:

• It is sewer cleaning the process of removing waste from latrines without the use of protective equipment.
• Means removal of undigested human waste from pits

Reasons:

• Absence of water latrines
• Persistent presence of unsanitary latrines
• Poor design of septic tanks
• Many cities do not have sewerage systems that cover the entire city.
• Rehabilitation (h) Absence of employments
• Denying that human waste is not disposed of by humans
• Continuity of caste systems
• The participants are 903 women
• Lack of awareness
• Illiteracy
• It does not use technology
• Dominance of contractors
• Weakness of Sabai Karamchari National Committee
• No FIR will be registered against those responsible for the death.

Solutions:

• Scavengers (a) Recovery of their dependents
• Providing employment to the rehabilitated
• Self Employment Scheme for Hand Scavengers – 2007
• Prohibition of Employment of Human Waste Scavengers (a) Rehabilitation Act – 2013
• Toilets under Swachh Bharat Abhiyan – 2014
• Provision of personal protective equipment
• To improve the socio-economic status of the workers
• Getting NGO support
• Provision of preventive medicines to employees
• Increasing the minimum wages of cleaners
• Providing educational assistance to the children of human waste scavengers
• Construction of bio-toilets
• Creating social awareness
• Government to carry out special inspections to detect employers (m) contractors who violate the rules
• Rehabilitation
• NGO involvement
• Indian Penal Code 304 Section A