from a sound physical environment to economic, social and political freedom”. Human Development Indicators: (as per UNDP) Population trends, health outcomes, education achievements, national income and composition of resources, work and employment, human security, human and capital mobility, supplementary indicators: perceptions of well-being and status of fundamental rights treaties are the human development indicators. Measuring of Human Development Human Development Index (HDI) is a composite index focusing on three basic dimensions of human development: i) Health – Life expectancy at birth ii) Education – Expected years of schooling for school age children and average years of schooling for the adult population. iii) Income – Measured by gross national income and percapita income. Human Development Classification HDI classifications are based on HDI fixed cut off points, which are derived from the quartiles of distributions of the component indicators. The HDI of less than 0.550 is used for low human development, 0.550 – 0.699 stands for medium human development, 0.700 – 0.799 for high human development and 0.8 or greater for very high human development. Human Development Index (HDI) United Nations Development Programme has been publishing Human Development Report annually since 1990. HDI helped the government to the real uplifting of standard of living of the people. HDI was developed by the Pakistani Economist Mahbub ul Haq and the Indian Economist Amartya Kumar Sen in 1990 and was published by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). It is constructed based on Life Expectancy Index, Education Index and GDP Per Capita. HDI is based on the following three indicators 1. Longevity is measured by life expectancy at birth, 2. Educational attainments, 3. Standard of living, measured by real GDP per capita (PPP$). Before calculating HDI, the fixed minimum and maximum values of each indicator are chosen. The performance in each dimension is expressed as a value between 0 and 1 by applying the following formula |